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Accords de paix : le rôle des droits humains dans les négociations (2006)
Introduction
Est-il plus facile de négocier un accord de paix si celui-ci comprend des références aux droits humains? Si c’est le cas, la paix qui en résulte est-elle plus durable ? Le texte, Négocier la justice? examine huit accords de paix récents afin d’évaluer comment ils ont traité des questions telles que l’impunité ou les déplacements forcés. Ce rapport aboutit à la conclusion que les droits humains peuvent fournir une contribution pratique et positive dans de nombreux domaines de la résolution des conflits. Chaque chapitre se termine par des recommandations et des questions qui peuvent aider les négociateurs, les médiateurs et les défenseurs des droits humains à répondre aux dilemmes qui surgissent au cours des négociations portant sur les accords de paix ainsi que lors de la phase ultérieure de mise en œuvre.
Avant-propos de Thomas Greminger, Chef de la division de la Sécurité humaine au Département fédéral suisse des affaires étrangères, et Petter Wille, Directeur général adjoint au Ministère norvégien des Affaires étrangères.
Équipe de recherche
Données biographiques en vigueur lorsque ce travail de recherche a été effectué.
Directeur de recherche
Jean-Nicolas Beuze, Directeur de recherche, ICHRP, 2004-2006. Pour obtenir plus d’informations sur ce projet, veuillez contacter Fairouz El Tom, Coordinatrice des relations extérieures et des publications, ICHRP.
Chercheuse principale
Christine Bell, était, au moment de ce projet, Directrice du Transitional Justice Institute (TJI) et Professeure de droit international public à l’University of Ulster. Christine Bell a participé à des processus de négociations de paix dans différents pays, victimes de conflits ethniques, et a contribué à des formations aux droits humains destinées aux avocats en Égypte, en Inde et en Irlande du Nord. Après avoir exercé en tant qu’associée dans les cabinets d’avocats Debevoise and Plimpton à New York (1990-2000), elle a dirigé le Centre for International and Comparative Human Rights Law à la Queen’s University de Belfast. Christine Bell a beaucoup travaillé au sein d’organisations non gouvernementales et a été, de 1995 à 1997, présidente du Committee on the Administration of Justice, une organisation de défense des droits humains, basée à Belfast. Elle a également été membre fondatrice de la Commission nord-irlandaise des droits de l’homme créée aux termes de l’Accord de Belfast. Elle a beaucoup publié sur les questions relatives aux droits humains et à l’égalité et au genre, et elle est l’auteure du livre Peace Agreements and Human Rights Oxford University Press, 2000).
Conseillers
Suliman Baldo, Directeur, Programme Afrique, International Crisis Group.
Maggie Beirne, Directrice, The Committee on the Administration of Justice.
Frank La Rue, Conseiller spécial pour les droits de l’homme auprès du président du Guatémala.
Ian Martin, Vice-président du International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ); Membre du Comité directeur, CIEDH.
Francesc Vendrell, Représentant spécial de l’UE en Afghanistan.
Chercheurs
Jasna Baksic Muftic, Professeure, Faculté de droit, University of Sarajevo.
Fionnuala Ní Aolaín, Professeure de droit, Transitional Justice Institute, University of Ulster, Belfast.
Andrea Bartoli, Senior Research Scholar, Directeur, Center for International Conflict Resolution, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University.
Martha Doggett, Chargée principale des affaires politiques, Division des Amériques et de l’Europe ; Représentante, Rule of Law Focal Points Network, Département des Affaires politiques, Nations Unies.
Adrian Edwards, journaliste et porte-parole, Mission d’assistance des Nations Unies en Afghanistan.
Fabienne Hara, fellow, Carr Center for Human Rights Policy, Harvard University.
Rati Jebashvili, Assistant de recherche, Saltzman Institute of War and Peace Studies, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University.
Ingrid Kircher, Conseillère pour les affaires humanitaires, Médecins sans Frontières.
Marcie Mersky, consultante indépendante.
Michael O’Flaherty, Maître de conférence en droits humains; Co-Directeur, Human Rights Law Centre, University of Nottingham.
Bill O’Neil, consultant indépendant.
Michelle Parlevliet, Chercheuse associée et consultante indépendante, Joan B. Institutions Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame.
Catherine Phuong, Maîtresse de conference en droit, University of Newcastle.
Naomi Roht-Arriaza, Professeure de droit, University of California, Hastings College of the Law.
Documents
Rapport
Résumé
Documents de travail
Forcible Displacement in Peace Agreements
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Human Rights in Negotiating Peace Agreements: Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Human Rights in Negotiating Peace Agreements: Burundi
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Human Rights in Negotiating Peace Agreements: El Salvador
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Human Rights in Negotiating Peace Agreements: Final Act of the Paris Conference on Cambodia
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Human Rights in Negotiating Peace Agreements: Guatemala
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Human Rights in Negotiating Peace Agreements: Mozambique
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Human Rights in Negotiating Peace Agreements: Sierra Leone
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Human Rights in Negotiating Peace Agreements: The Good Friday Agreement
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National Human Rights Institutions and Peace Agreements: Establishing National Institutions in Divided Societies
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Reform Of Law Enforcement Agencies and the Judiciary
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Transitional Justice and Peace Agreements
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Donateurs
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